A Level Biology Practice Exam

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What are gametes?

Diploid cells that undergo mitosis
Haploid sex cells produced by meiosis
Zygotes formed after fertilization
Somatic cells responsible for tissue growth

The correct answer is: Haploid sex cells produced by meiosis

Gametes are defined as haploid sex cells produced by meiosis. This process ensures that each gamete contains half the number of chromosomes compared to somatic cells, allowing for genetic diversity when fertilization occurs. In humans and many other organisms, gametes are sperm and eggs. During fertilization, these haploid cells combine to form a diploid zygote, which then develops into a new organism. Understanding that gametes are specifically involved in sexual reproduction and are produced through meiosis is crucial, as this distinguishes them from somatic cells, which are diploid and primarily involved in growth and maintenance of the organism.