A Level Biology Practice Exam

What do physiological adaptations affect?

1. The structure of an organism

2. All body plans of organisms

3. The functioning of biological processes

4. The genetic makeup of an organism

The correct answer is: The functioning of biological processes

Physiological adaptations specifically influence how biological processes function within an organism. These adaptations can involve changes in metabolic pathways, respiratory efficiency, or even how an organism responds to environmental challenges. For example, animals that live at high altitudes often have physiological adaptations that allow them to use oxygen more efficiently due to lower oxygen levels in the environment. The other choices focus on aspects that are not directly related to physiological adaptations. While the structure of an organism (the first choice) is related to morphological adaptations, physiological adaptations are more about function. The second choice refers to body plans, which also pertain to overall structural aspects rather than the specific functions of individual systems. The fourth choice concerning genetic makeup refers to genetic adaptations or evolutionary changes rather than the immediate physiological responses that organisms exhibit to survive and thrive in their environments.