A Level Biology Practice Exam

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What is opportunistic sampling?

Sampling involving a random selection of individuals
Sampling using organisms that are conveniently available
Sampling that requires specific criteria for organism selection
Sampling which includes all members of a population

The correct answer is: Sampling using organisms that are conveniently available

Opportunistic sampling involves selecting organisms that are readily available and convenient to access, rather than using a structured or randomized approach. This method is beneficial when researchers need quick data collection or when other sampling methods would be impractical. In contrast, other methods of sampling have distinct characteristics. Random selection aims to minimize bias by ensuring every individual has an equal chance of being selected. Specific criteria-based sampling involves predetermined conditions that organisms must meet to be included in the study, ensuring that the sample targets specific traits or populations. Finally, including all members of a population is representative sampling or census, which aims for comprehensive coverage of that population rather than opportunistically selecting from those that can easily be reached.