A Level Biology Practice Exam

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What is the primary component of chromosomes?

Protein
RNA
Condensed DNA
Carbohydrates

The correct answer is: Condensed DNA

The primary component of chromosomes is condensed DNA. Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain genetic material, and they are composed primarily of DNA molecules that are tightly coiled around proteins known as histones. This coiling helps package the long strands of DNA into a more compact, organized form, which is essential for efficient storage and transmission during cell division. While proteins play a significant role in the structure and function of chromosomes, such as aiding in the condensation of DNA, they are not the primary component. Similarly, RNA, although involved in protein synthesis and other cellular functions, does not constitute the primary structure of chromosomes. Carbohydrates are also not a major component of chromosomes. Therefore, the emphasis on condensed DNA as the primary component captures the essence of what chromosomes fundamentally are.