A Level Biology Practice Exam

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What is the primary function of a vaccine?

To eliminate all pathogens in the body
To cause an allergic reaction
To stimulate an immune response against a specific pathogen
To strengthen the cell membrane

The correct answer is: To stimulate an immune response against a specific pathogen

The primary function of a vaccine is to stimulate an immune response against a specific pathogen. Vaccines work by introducing a harmless component or a weakened form of the pathogen into the body. This process prompts the immune system to recognize the pathogen as a threat and generate a targeted immune response, including the production of antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body after the initial exposure, providing protection and memory that allows the immune system to act more swiftly and effectively upon subsequent encounters with the actual pathogen. Vaccination can significantly reduce the incidence of infectious diseases by preparing the immune system to respond efficiently and effectively when exposed to the live pathogen in the future. This is a critical component of public health strategies aimed at controlling and preventing infectious diseases.