A Level Biology Practice Exam

What type of RNA is known for carrying amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis?

1. messenger RNA (mRNA)

2. ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

3. transfer RNA (tRNA)

4. small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

The correct answer is: transfer RNA (tRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the type of RNA responsible for carrying amino acids to ribosomes during the process of protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon that pairs with corresponding codons on the mRNA sequence, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. This role is crucial for translating the genetic information encoded in mRNA into functional proteins. tRNA effectively serves as the adaptor molecule that interprets the mRNA code, allowing ribosomes to assemble amino acids in the correct order, ultimately ensuring that proteins are synthesized accurately according to the genetic instructions. Understanding the specific roles of the different types of RNA in protein synthesis is fundamental in molecular biology.